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i.want.world

my project & life in vienna

Es geht um mehr als nur um Google

791px-1944_NormandyLST.jpgDie speziell in Deutschland geführte Attacke der Verlagshäuser auf Google ist mehr als nur das übliche Beißverhalten konkurrierender Konzerne. Es ist auch eine Schlacht um Meinungsmacht und Meinungsfreiheit, um das Oligopol der Verleger und meinungsführenden Redaktionen, das durch das Internet in seinen Grundfesten erschüttert ist.

Das kommerzielle Radio war das letzte Medium in Deutschland, das die Verleger, mit tatkräftiger Hilfe der Politik, weitgehend unter ihre Kontrolle bringen konnten. Deshalb ist es auch so schlecht. Es ist, bar jeden publizistischen Anspruchs, als Gelddruckmaschine für satte, träge und an zweistellige Umsatzrenditen gewöhnte Verlagshäuser ausgelegt.

Das kommerzielle Fernsehen war das erste Medium, das den Verlegern aus den Fingern glitt. Das als Verlegerfernsehen gestartete Sat1 ging erst an den Filmhändler Leo Kirch und fiel später Finanzinvestoren in die Hände. Bertelsmann konnte nur in einem herkulischen Kraftakt die RTL-Gruppe unter seine Kontrolle bringen. Fast hätte die Familie Mohn deshalb an die Börse gehen müssen.

Das Internet nahmen die Verleger in den neunziger Jahren vor allem als weitere Abspielstation für ihre ohnehin vorhandenen Inhalte wahr. Das Ziel war, das Internet wie zuvor das Radio unter verlegerische Kontrolle zu bringen. Früh schon wies die IVW, die Informationsgemeinschaft zur Feststellung der Verbreitung von Werbeträgern, auch die Reichweiten der verlegerischen Onlinemedien aus.

Doch den damit verbundenen Anspruch, den gesamten Markt abzubilden und zu definieren, konnten sie nie vollends einlösen, denn die wirklich großen Spieler wie T-Online, früher AOL und später Google spielten das IVW-Spiel nicht mit. Die AGOF, die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Online-Forschung, krankt bis heute an den damals eingeführten, untauglichen Messgrößen wie Pageimpressions (total absurd) und Visits (nicht viel besser). Für Onlinereichweiten relevanter sind Unique Visitors und vor allem die Nutzungszeit.

Den unsäglichen Bildstreckenklickschindejournalismus im Netz haben sich die Verlage selbst eingebrockt, indem sie untaugliche Messinstrumente in den Markt gedrückt und damit den Zwang zur Pageimpressioninflation geschaffen haben. Und wie das bei Inflationen so ist: Das Überangebot an Inventar hat die Preise ins Bodenlose fallen lassen - und damit die Möglichkeiten, Onlinejournalismus aus Onlinewerbung zu finanzieren, nicht eben vergrößert.

Schwerer noch wiegt indes die Tatsache, dass das Netz kein Oligopol ist, dass es kein Verlagsmonopol auf Onlinejournalismus gibt, sondern dass im Netz, anders als in den meisten angestammten Printmärkten, echter Wettbewerb herrscht. Zweistellige Umsatzrenditen sind in diesem Umfeld nur schwer zu erzielen.

Und der Wettbewerb erstreckt sich auch auf den Markt der Meinungen. Die Redaktionen haben ihre Gatekeeperfunktion verloren. Sie bestimmen nicht mehr alleine, wer und wessen Meinung Zugang zur Öffentlichkeit erhält. Das Internet hat den Zugang zur Öffentlichkeit prinzipiell für jedermann geöffnet. Die meinungsführenden Redaktionen führen nicht mehr alleine.

Google steht in dieser Schlacht paradigmatisch für zwei Dinge: für unerwartete und unerwünschte Konkurrenz auf dem Werbemarkt und für die Öffnung des Meinungsmarktes. Google hat geschafft, was keinem Verlag gelungen ist: einen Milliardenumsatz im deutschen Werbemarkt zu erwirtschaften. Google steht für ein offenes Internet und einen freien Markt der Meinungen, wird dafür in China attackiert, in Italien verurteilt und in Deutschland dämonisiert.

800px-Declaration_independence.jpg

Es geht in dieser Schlacht nicht um Google, sondern um das offene Internet, das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung und den Zugang für Jedermann. Es ist die letzte Schlacht der Verleger, und sie versuchen alles, um die Politik auf ihre Seite zu ziehen, wie seinerzeit beim Radio erfolgreich durchexerziert. Vielleicht ist es Zeit, sich an John Perry Barlow zu erinnern, der 1996 den digitalen Raum für unabhängig erklärte.

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace

by John Perry Barlow

Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.

We have no elected government, nor are we likely to have one, so I address you with no greater authority than that with which liberty itself always speaks. I declare the global social space we are building to be naturally independent of the tyrannies you seek to impose on us. You have no moral right to rule us nor do you possess any methods of enforcement we have true reason to fear.

Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. You have neither solicited nor received ours. We did not invite you. You do not know us, nor do you know our world. Cyberspace does not lie within your borders. Do not think that you can build it, as though it were a public construction project. You cannot. It is an act of nature and it grows itself through our collective actions.

You have not engaged in our great and gathering conversation, nor did you create the wealth of our marketplaces. You do not know our culture, our ethics, or the unwritten codes that already provide our society more order than could be obtained by any of your impositions.

You claim there are problems among us that you need to solve. You use this claim as an excuse to invade our precincts. Many of these problems don't exist. Where there are real conflicts, where there are wrongs, we will identify them and address them by our means. We are forming our own Social Contract . This governance will arise according to the conditions of our world, not yours. Our world is different.

Cyberspace consists of transactions, relationships, and thought itself, arrayed like a standing wave in the web of our communications. Ours is a world that is both everywhere and nowhere, but it is not where bodies live.

We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth.

We are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or her beliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being coerced into silence or conformity.

Your legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement, and context do not apply to us. They are all based on matter, and there is no matter here.

Our identities have no bodies, so, unlike you, we cannot obtain order by physical coercion. We believe that from ethics, enlightened self-interest, and the commonweal, our governance will emerge . Our identities may be distributed across many of your jurisdictions. The only law that all our constituent cultures would generally recognize is the Golden Rule. We hope we will be able to build our particular solutions on that basis. But we cannot accept the solutions you are attempting to impose.

In the United States, you have today created a law, the Telecommunications Reform Act, which repudiates your own Constitution and insults the dreams of Jefferson, Washington, Mill, Madison, DeToqueville, and Brandeis. These dreams must now be born anew in us.

You are terrified of your own children, since they are natives in a world where you will always be immigrants. Because you fear them, you entrust your bureaucracies with the parental responsibilities you are too cowardly to confront yourselves. In our world, all the sentiments and expressions of humanity, from the debasing to the angelic, are parts of a seamless whole, the global conversation of bits. We cannot separate the air that chokes from the air upon which wings beat.

In China, Germany, France, Russia, Singapore, Italy and the United States, you are trying to ward off the virus of liberty by erecting guard posts at the frontiers of Cyberspace. These may keep out the contagion for a small time, but they will not work in a world that will soon be blanketed in bit-bearing media.

Your increasingly obsolete information industries would perpetuate themselves by proposing laws, in America and elsewhere, that claim to own speech itself throughout the world. These laws would declare ideas to be another industrial product, no more noble than pig iron. In our world, whatever the human mind may create can be reproduced and distributed infinitely at no cost. The global conveyance of thought no longer requires your factories to accomplish.

These increasingly hostile and colonial measures place us in the same position as those previous lovers of freedom and self-determination who had to reject the authorities of distant, uninformed powers. We must declare our virtual selves immune to your sovereignty, even as we continue to consent to your rule over our bodies. We will spread ourselves across the Planet so that no one can arrest our thoughts.

We will create a civilization of the Mind in Cyberspace. May it be more humane and fair than the world your governments have made before.

Davos, Switzerland

February 8, 1996

via Fischmarkt by Martin Recke on 3/4/10

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Posted March 5, 2010
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the impending collapse of the united states

Niall Ferguson writes:

One day, a seemingly random piece of bad news -- perhaps a negative report by a rating agency -- will make the headlines during an otherwise quiet news cycle. Suddenly, it will be not just a few policy wonks who worry about the sustainability of U.S. fiscal policy but the public at large, not to mention investors abroad. It is this shift that is crucial: A complex adaptive system is in big trouble when its component parts lose faith in its viability.

Over the last three years, the complex system of the global economy flipped from boom to bust -- all because a bunch of Americans started to default on their subprime mortgages, thereby blowing huge holes in the business models of thousands of highly leveraged financial institutions. The next phase of the current crisis may begin when the public begins to reassess the credibility of the radical monetary and fiscal steps that were taken in response.

Neither interest rates at zero nor fiscal stimulus can achieve a sustainable recovery if people in the United States and abroad collectively decide, overnight, that such measures will ultimately lead to much higher inflation rates or outright default. Bond yields can shoot up if expectations change about future government solvency, intensifying an already bad fiscal crisis by driving up the cost of interest payments on new debt. Just ask Greece.

Ask Russia too. Fighting a losing battle in the mountains of the Hindu Kush has long been a harbinger of imperial fall. What happened 20 years ago is a reminder that empires do not in fact appear, rise, reign, decline and fall according to some recurrent and predictable life cycle. It is historians who retrospectively portray the process of imperial dissolution as slow-acting. Rather, empires behave like all complex adaptive systems. They function in apparent equilibrium for some unknowable period. And then, quite abruptly, they collapse.


Washington, you have been warned.

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Posted March 2, 2010
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elasticity of deaths due to natural disasters vs. income

 

Going back to hammer in the topic of economic freedom, Matt Kahn has a paper on the topic of the elasticity of deaths due to natural disasters vs. income which states this in the Abstract:

 

Though richer nations do not experience fewer natural disasters than poorer nations, richer nations do suffer less death from disaster. Economic development provides implicit insurance against nature's shocks. Democracies and nations with higher-quality institutions suffer less death from natural disaster. Because climate change is expected to increase the frequency of natural disasters such as floods, these results have implications for the incidence of global warming.

 

The paper concludes:

Death counts differ sharply by continent. African nations experience fewer natural disasters and all else equal, suffer less death from natural disasters. Unlike other Institutions play a role in shielding the population from natural disaster death. Future research should pinpoint the mechanisms.

This paper has shown using several empirical models, that controlling for national income, less democratic nations and nations with more income inequality suffer more death. Controlling for a nation's population size and geography, I showed using OLS and instrumental variable estimates that a host of institutional quality proxies lower national death counts from disasters.

One important hypothesis that merits future research is the role of government corruption in exacerbating death counts from natural disaster. Existing corruption indices are highly negatively correlated with national per-capita income. It is quite plausible that government corruption raises death counts through the lack of enforcement of building codes, infrastructure quality, and zoning enforcement.

 

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Posted March 1, 2010
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Austria's Economic Freedom

No major surprise: government spending and high taxes has Austria ranked 22nd in this year's Index of Economic Freedom - right above Germany. In part due to recent unprecedented large stimulus plans, the world experienced for the second time in the history of the Index's publishing an overall decreased of economic freedom.

Terry Miller's presentation of the Index at the Hayek Institute pointed out that despite large government spending to promote growth, early evidence has shown that increase in spending has undoubtedly the negative effect -

yet another attestation of delusionary Keynesian economics propaganda.

(download)

 

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Posted February 25, 2010
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entertain physics, don't ponder upon it

The sciences of astronomy and physics, specifically quantum physics, has always fascinated me. I've tried often to keep abreast of the sciences with any free time that I may gather. Consequent of the many hours spent on the MIT Open Course Ware site, my understanding has certainly come a long way further from my physics class in 10th grade. Recently, I came across a paper written by a physicist named Jia Liu entitled Dark Matter as a Possible New Energy Source for Future Rocket Technology and later this article. An excerpt:


Crane first started thinking about artificial black holes 12 years ago when physicist Lee Smolin, now at Canada's Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario, asked Crane to read the manuscript of his book The Life of the Cosmos.

Nobody knows what happens at the singularity of a black hole, the point where space and time become so warped that the laws of relativity break down. In his book, Smolin suggested that a new universe could be created and bud off. So universes in which black holes are likely to arise will give birth to more and more such universes.

This means that our universe could be a baby universe, and is more likely to have come from one that is good at making black holes than one that isn't. Crane then wondered what would happen if intelligent civilizations could make black holes. This would mean that life in these universes played a key role in the proliferation of baby universes. Smolin felt the idea was too outlandish and left it out of his book. But Crane has been thinking about it on and off for the last decade.

He believes we are seeing Darwinian selection operating on the largest possible scale: only universes that contain life can make black holes and then go on to give birth to other universes, while the lifeless universes are an evolutionary dead end. His latest calculations made him realize how uncanny it was that there could be a black hole at just the right size for powering a starship.

"Why is there such a sweet spot?" he asks. The only reason for an intelligent civilization to make a black hole, he sees, is so it can travel the universe. "If this hypothesis is right," he says, "we live in a universe that is optimized for building starships!"

Yes I know. Just don't think about it too much.

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Posted February 15, 2010
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Location: Orlando di Castello


Orlando di Castello - Food - Vienna

Situated within Vienna’s historical center, Karl Wlaschek Junior’s stylish café delivers a new approach to gastronomy within the city, accentuating his flair for hospitality and promoting a culinary concept built upon quirky design, quality ingredients and stellar service.

Universal dishes thread throughout the menu such as a Caesar salad, steaks, handmade ravioli and burgers, each one spruced up courtesy of quality ingredients and expert preparation. Pastry chef Pierre Reboul’s artful creations are a beacon, outshining many a competitor in this the Habsburg city of sweets, shunning traditional Viennese treats for thoughtful designs such as the dazzling Tarte Tropezienne.

The drinks menu offers an exotic selection of foreign wines, excellent Belgian beers and a coffee from Galapagos islands that will have you here on a daily basis.

That microscopic attention detail doesn’t just end in the kitchen. Everything about this place has been thought out to the nth degree, from the surreal interior design (inspired by the trinity of a Tyrolean girl, Queen Elizabeth and 50 Cent), to the attire of the enthusiastic, well-informed staff and time-appropriate music: soft and relxing in the morning to more revved up at night, when it all crescendoes into a dinner and dance scene.

More


Freyung 1, 1010 Vienna, Austria

via Vienna - unlike on 2/3/10

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Posted February 9, 2010
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fine crappy foods

This video deftly skewers the food industry's current fixations, including This-Is-Why-You're-Fat-grade hamburgers, fancy TV dinners, and junk food masquerading as wholesome:

We take the finest ingredients and put them in a bowl with salt and butter.

And "hide your salad" describes my salad dressing technique perfectly...it ends up more like ranch soup, really.

hat tip kottke.org 

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Posted February 6, 2010
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Efficient Markets Hypothesis is thoughtfully Disproved

Daniel Gross writes:

This afternoon, while walking into the Congress Center, the main hub of Davos, I noticed a piece of gray paper on the floor. It looked like it might be currency of some sort—certainly not a dollar, but perhaps Swiss francs or something else. I started to bend over to pick it up, but then I caught myself. This is the World Economic Forum. It is populated by hundreds of economists and by thousands of business people schooled in the tenets of economics. This is possibly the most rational, profit-maximizing concentration of human capital in the world. These are the actors who make up an efficient market. And of course adherents to the efficient market hypothesis famously don't believe in the concept of found money or found savings...

But I'm a connoisseur of economic irrationality. And so I bent down and picked up the paper. On one side, the grim visage of Queen Elizabeth. On the other, Charles Darwin. It was a 10 pound note, worth about $16.25. Just lying on the floor, unmolested by Nobel Prize-winning economists, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and financial journalists.

Gross concludes the efficient markets hypothesis must be false.

I've managed to lose a 100 Euro note before and as I read this, I can think of this irrational transaction as one of many that occurs daily. Then again, EMH describes the market as a whole whereby all actors can theoretically be wrong - in this sense - throw away cash.

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Posted February 1, 2010
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Wish I knew Kafka

"Kafka was a slightly strange man," Sommer recalls. "He used to come to our house, sit and talk with my mother, mainly about his writing. He did not talk a lot, but rather loved quiet and nature.

Alice Herz-Sommer, who recently celebrated her 103rd birthday, is a pianist and a survivor of the Nazi concentration camps; she recalls her time in Prague:

We frequently went on trips together. I remember that Kafka took us to a very nice place outside Prague. We sat on a bench and he told us stories. I remember the atmosphere and his unusual stories. He was an excellent writer, with a lovely style, the kind that you read effortlessly," she says, and then grows silent. "And now, hundreds of people all over the world research and write doctorates about him."

She says she knows about the ongoing trial in Israel, at the center of which is the question of who owns the rights to Kafka's estate. "Kafka would have been against this.

Don't forget that he asked his friend Max Brod not to publish his writings. That much I know," says Sommer - she is the last person alive who knew Kafka personally.

More here.

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Posted January 28, 2010
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The USDA Tries to Come Clean

 

I’m sure they’ll quickly correct this, but as I post this, the USDA’s blog currently reads:

…the USDA is making every effort to make sure that today’s children are the first American generation to have a shorter life expectancy than their parents.

Link.

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Posted January 21, 2010
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