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  • Es geht um mehr als nur um Google

    • 5 Mar 2010
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    • europe freedom germany google governments internet rights
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    791px-1944_NormandyLST.jpgDie speziell in Deutschland geführte Attacke der Verlagshäuser auf Google ist mehr als nur das übliche Beißverhalten konkurrierender Konzerne. Es ist auch eine Schlacht um Meinungsmacht und Meinungsfreiheit, um das Oligopol der Verleger und meinungsführenden Redaktionen, das durch das Internet in seinen Grundfesten erschüttert ist.

    Das kommerzielle Radio war das letzte Medium in Deutschland, das die Verleger, mit tatkräftiger Hilfe der Politik, weitgehend unter ihre Kontrolle bringen konnten. Deshalb ist es auch so schlecht. Es ist, bar jeden publizistischen Anspruchs, als Gelddruckmaschine für satte, träge und an zweistellige Umsatzrenditen gewöhnte Verlagshäuser ausgelegt.

    Das kommerzielle Fernsehen war das erste Medium, das den Verlegern aus den Fingern glitt. Das als Verlegerfernsehen gestartete Sat1 ging erst an den Filmhändler Leo Kirch und fiel später Finanzinvestoren in die Hände. Bertelsmann konnte nur in einem herkulischen Kraftakt die RTL-Gruppe unter seine Kontrolle bringen. Fast hätte die Familie Mohn deshalb an die Börse gehen müssen.

    Das Internet nahmen die Verleger in den neunziger Jahren vor allem als weitere Abspielstation für ihre ohnehin vorhandenen Inhalte wahr. Das Ziel war, das Internet wie zuvor das Radio unter verlegerische Kontrolle zu bringen. Früh schon wies die IVW, die Informationsgemeinschaft zur Feststellung der Verbreitung von Werbeträgern, auch die Reichweiten der verlegerischen Onlinemedien aus.

    Doch den damit verbundenen Anspruch, den gesamten Markt abzubilden und zu definieren, konnten sie nie vollends einlösen, denn die wirklich großen Spieler wie T-Online, früher AOL und später Google spielten das IVW-Spiel nicht mit. Die AGOF, die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Online-Forschung, krankt bis heute an den damals eingeführten, untauglichen Messgrößen wie Pageimpressions (total absurd) und Visits (nicht viel besser). Für Onlinereichweiten relevanter sind Unique Visitors und vor allem die Nutzungszeit.

    Den unsäglichen Bildstreckenklickschindejournalismus im Netz haben sich die Verlage selbst eingebrockt, indem sie untaugliche Messinstrumente in den Markt gedrückt und damit den Zwang zur Pageimpressioninflation geschaffen haben. Und wie das bei Inflationen so ist: Das Überangebot an Inventar hat die Preise ins Bodenlose fallen lassen - und damit die Möglichkeiten, Onlinejournalismus aus Onlinewerbung zu finanzieren, nicht eben vergrößert.

    Schwerer noch wiegt indes die Tatsache, dass das Netz kein Oligopol ist, dass es kein Verlagsmonopol auf Onlinejournalismus gibt, sondern dass im Netz, anders als in den meisten angestammten Printmärkten, echter Wettbewerb herrscht. Zweistellige Umsatzrenditen sind in diesem Umfeld nur schwer zu erzielen.

    Und der Wettbewerb erstreckt sich auch auf den Markt der Meinungen. Die Redaktionen haben ihre Gatekeeperfunktion verloren. Sie bestimmen nicht mehr alleine, wer und wessen Meinung Zugang zur Öffentlichkeit erhält. Das Internet hat den Zugang zur Öffentlichkeit prinzipiell für jedermann geöffnet. Die meinungsführenden Redaktionen führen nicht mehr alleine.

    Google steht in dieser Schlacht paradigmatisch für zwei Dinge: für unerwartete und unerwünschte Konkurrenz auf dem Werbemarkt und für die Öffnung des Meinungsmarktes. Google hat geschafft, was keinem Verlag gelungen ist: einen Milliardenumsatz im deutschen Werbemarkt zu erwirtschaften. Google steht für ein offenes Internet und einen freien Markt der Meinungen, wird dafür in China attackiert, in Italien verurteilt und in Deutschland dämonisiert.

    800px-Declaration_independence.jpg

    Es geht in dieser Schlacht nicht um Google, sondern um das offene Internet, das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung und den Zugang für Jedermann. Es ist die letzte Schlacht der Verleger, und sie versuchen alles, um die Politik auf ihre Seite zu ziehen, wie seinerzeit beim Radio erfolgreich durchexerziert. Vielleicht ist es Zeit, sich an John Perry Barlow zu erinnern, der 1996 den digitalen Raum für unabhängig erklärte.

    A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace

    by John Perry Barlow

    Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.

    We have no elected government, nor are we likely to have one, so I address you with no greater authority than that with which liberty itself always speaks. I declare the global social space we are building to be naturally independent of the tyrannies you seek to impose on us. You have no moral right to rule us nor do you possess any methods of enforcement we have true reason to fear.

    Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. You have neither solicited nor received ours. We did not invite you. You do not know us, nor do you know our world. Cyberspace does not lie within your borders. Do not think that you can build it, as though it were a public construction project. You cannot. It is an act of nature and it grows itself through our collective actions.

    You have not engaged in our great and gathering conversation, nor did you create the wealth of our marketplaces. You do not know our culture, our ethics, or the unwritten codes that already provide our society more order than could be obtained by any of your impositions.

    You claim there are problems among us that you need to solve. You use this claim as an excuse to invade our precincts. Many of these problems don't exist. Where there are real conflicts, where there are wrongs, we will identify them and address them by our means. We are forming our own Social Contract . This governance will arise according to the conditions of our world, not yours. Our world is different.

    Cyberspace consists of transactions, relationships, and thought itself, arrayed like a standing wave in the web of our communications. Ours is a world that is both everywhere and nowhere, but it is not where bodies live.

    We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth.

    We are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or her beliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being coerced into silence or conformity.

    Your legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement, and context do not apply to us. They are all based on matter, and there is no matter here.

    Our identities have no bodies, so, unlike you, we cannot obtain order by physical coercion. We believe that from ethics, enlightened self-interest, and the commonweal, our governance will emerge . Our identities may be distributed across many of your jurisdictions. The only law that all our constituent cultures would generally recognize is the Golden Rule. We hope we will be able to build our particular solutions on that basis. But we cannot accept the solutions you are attempting to impose.

    In the United States, you have today created a law, the Telecommunications Reform Act, which repudiates your own Constitution and insults the dreams of Jefferson, Washington, Mill, Madison, DeToqueville, and Brandeis. These dreams must now be born anew in us.

    You are terrified of your own children, since they are natives in a world where you will always be immigrants. Because you fear them, you entrust your bureaucracies with the parental responsibilities you are too cowardly to confront yourselves. In our world, all the sentiments and expressions of humanity, from the debasing to the angelic, are parts of a seamless whole, the global conversation of bits. We cannot separate the air that chokes from the air upon which wings beat.

    In China, Germany, France, Russia, Singapore, Italy and the United States, you are trying to ward off the virus of liberty by erecting guard posts at the frontiers of Cyberspace. These may keep out the contagion for a small time, but they will not work in a world that will soon be blanketed in bit-bearing media.

    Your increasingly obsolete information industries would perpetuate themselves by proposing laws, in America and elsewhere, that claim to own speech itself throughout the world. These laws would declare ideas to be another industrial product, no more noble than pig iron. In our world, whatever the human mind may create can be reproduced and distributed infinitely at no cost. The global conveyance of thought no longer requires your factories to accomplish.

    These increasingly hostile and colonial measures place us in the same position as those previous lovers of freedom and self-determination who had to reject the authorities of distant, uninformed powers. We must declare our virtual selves immune to your sovereignty, even as we continue to consent to your rule over our bodies. We will spread ourselves across the Planet so that no one can arrest our thoughts.

    We will create a civilization of the Mind in Cyberspace. May it be more humane and fair than the world your governments have made before.

    Davos, Switzerland

    February 8, 1996

    via Fischmarkt by Martin Recke on 3/4/10
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  • google sued

    • 12 May 2009
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    FPX v. Google Complaint
    Publish at Scribd or explore others: Technology Business & Law lawsuit trademark
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  • Google: The all-time biggest company based on free

    • 12 Sep 2008
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    • entrepreneurship google
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    I've always assumed that Google was the best--and biggest--example in history of a business model based on free, but until today I hadn't actually run the numbers. Before I get to those, let's definite what "built on free" means.

    Until the advent of the Web, the biggest companies built on free were broadcasters in radio or TV ("free-to-air" services, where a third party--the advertisers--pay for content to be free to consumers). In the rabbit-ears broadcast era, these were pure free plays: virtually all their revenue came from direct advertising payments or syndication revenues from their local affiliates, who were just passing along their own advertising revenues.

    This is what's commonly referred to as "the media business model". Sometimes it means that advertisers subsidize 100% of the content costs, other times they subsidize just 70-80% of those costs, as in the case of magazines and newspapers.

    Since the advent of cable TV and satellite radio, the media business model has evolved. TV broadcasters are bigger but they're also more diversified, with a mix of revenues from traditional ad-supported free media and paid content, from DVDs to pay-per-view. Only terrestrial radio remains purely free. 

    Meanwhile, the pure free-to-consumers media business model has moved to the Web, but mostly in the shape of companies that don't fall neatly into traditional definitions of "media", such as Google or Yahoo.

    So to properly see how the Web free companies compare to the broadcast free companies, we'd have to carefully tease out just the free parts of the broadcasters's revenues. Fortunately, we don't have to bother because it's really no contest.

    Google, at $17 billion in annual revenues last year, is larger than any broadcaster in history, free and non-free elements combined.  The biggest broadcasters, ABC, CBS and NBC, are all in the $14-$15 billion range. The biggest radio network, Clear Channel, had revenues of $7 billion. Meanwhile, on the Web, Google's closest free competitor is Yahoo, at $7 billion.

    So congrat, Google. You are indeed the all-time biggest company built on free. And a good thing, too, given how much time I've been spending at the Googleplex of late.

     

    via The Long Tail by Chris Anderson on 9/8/08

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  • future of search from Google

    • 17 Jul 2008
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    • google
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